Risk Factors for Communicable Disease Transmission
Responding effectively to the needs of the disaster-affected population requires an accurate communicable disease risk assessment. The efficient use of humanitarian funds depends on implementing priority interventions on the basis of this risk assessment.
A systematic and comprehensive evaluation should identify 1) endemic and epidemic diseases that are common in the affected area; 2) living conditions of the affected population, including number, size, location, and density of settlements; 3) availability of safe water and adequate sanitation facilities; 4) underlying nutritional status and immunization coverage among the population; and 5) degree of access to healthcare and to effective case management.
传染病传播的危险因素
为了有效地援助受灾人群，我们需要准确地评估疫情风险。基于疫情风险评估，我们可以有侧重有先后地分配赈灾款项。
系统全面的评估疫情风险需要确认以下几点：
1)受灾地区常见的地方病和流行病；
2)灾区人群的生活状况。包括人口数量，规模，居住地点，和聚居密度；
3)洁净水的补给状况，卫生保健设备是否足够；
4)灾区人群的基本营养状况和疫苗接种率；
5)医疗保健和病例管理状况。
