控制鸡蛋和黄油的摄入（7/9）

The food manufacturers who oppose the Heart Association's dietary recommendations have come in for widespread criticism. "Instead of making excuses, they ought to be adopting the long-range goal of making better products," says Dr. John LaRosa, an internist at George Washington University Medical School. Many doctors believe that the labels on processed food should spell out the amounts of cholesterol, saturated fat and polyunsaturated fat the food contains. "How else is the shopper to know that something as innocent as a soda cracker contains 4 gm of saturated fat?" asks Cincinnati's Dr. Glueck. Saturated fat, usually in the form of coconut oil, lurks in most commercially baked breads and cakes, in nondairy creamers, on the oiled surface of frozen French fries, and even in wholesome granola. At Washington's Center for Science in the Public Interest, Nutritionist Bonnie Liebman has investigated the chic new frozen foods and found that some are surprisingly heavy in fat. Among them: Armour's Dinner Classics, Swanson's Le Menu and Pepperidge Farm's frozen vegetables in pastry. Of the 200 calories in each of Pepperidge Farm's croissants, she says, 118 are in the form of butter.

食品业反对美国心脏病协会饮食规划的举动受到了批评。乔治华盛顿大学医学院内科教授John LaRosa说：“他们不应该寻找借口，而是要致力于开发更好的高质量食品。”很多医生都建议，应该在加工食品的标签上添加相关的胆固醇、饱和脂肪和多元化不饱和脂肪的含量数据。“否则购物者怎么知道苏打饼干里会存有4克饱和脂肪呢？”辛辛那提的教授Glueck如是说。饱和脂肪存在于椰子油里，在市场上卖的面包和蛋糕里，非乳制品的奶精里，冷掉的炸薯条外面裹的油里，甚至一些健康的格兰诺拉麦片里也含有饱和脂肪。服务于公众利益的华盛顿科学研究中心的营养学家Bonnie Liebman，调查了一些新式冷冻食品，居然发现他们含有大量的脂肪。包括以下产品： Armour的经典午餐、Swanson的午餐卷、佩泊里奇农场牌的冷冻蔬菜糕点。她说，在佩泊里奇农场的牛角面包里居然含有200卡路里，即使在等量的黄油里也只含有118单位的卡路里。

Pepperidge Farm defends its product: "Anybody's croissant is made up of about one-fourth butter," says Product Standards Manager Carol Johnson. In general, industry officials claim that they offer Americans a broad selection of foods, including lowfat, low-cholesterol varieties for those who want them. Kraft, Inc., Spokesman David Roycroft points out that the dairy industry has taken pains to increase the number of products from which the butterfat has been removed. Kraft's Golden Image imitation cheeses and Light n' Lively yogurt and cottage cheese were, he says, "developed in response to a perceived demand by consumers for such products." The meat industry has also responded to this demand, by offering 95%-fat-free ham and pork luncheon meats. Over the past decade the amount of fat in pork has been cut 30% and the amount in beef reduced 6% to 7%. The American Meat Institute is seeking changes in U.S.D.A. fat requirements to allow further reductions.

佩泊里奇农场不得不为自己的产品辩护，其产品标准经理Carol Johnson说：“任何一家牛角面包的黄油用料都会占到四分之一。”总之，业内人士都宣称他们给美国人提供了大量的可选择食品，包括他们需要的低脂肪低卡路里食品。卡夫食品公司新闻发言人David Roycroft指出，经过了漫长的实验过程，他们已经成功地把牛奶脂肪从产品中移除了，并在扩大这种产品的产量。他说，卡夫的招牌产品仿制奶酪、轻型活力酸奶以及农场干酪都是“应消费者的需求而生产的。”肉食产业也对这种需求做出了调整，他们推出了减少了95%脂肪含量的汉堡和午餐肉。在过去的十年里，猪肉脂肪含量减少了30%，牛肉脂肪含量减少了6%到7%。美国肉类协会响应农业部的脂肪调整需求量规定，并为作更高的裁剪而努力。

Officially, the Federal Government has neither rejected nor endorsed the A.H.A. dietary recommendations, nor has it taken a position on whether foodmakers should adopt more candid labeling. Since 1980, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services have published a brochure offering Americans the following general recommendation: "Avoid too much fat, saturated fat and cholesterol." Throughout this year, officials of both departments are meeting with scientists to discuss whether or not this recommendation should be made more stringent and specific, in light of the N.H.L.B.I. findings. "The time has come for the Federal Government to make some pronouncement on cholesterol," says George Washington University's LaRosa. But some nutritionists fear that opposition from the food industry will prevent the Government from taking a firmer stand.

官方态度是，联邦政府既没有支持也没有反对心脏病协会的饮食规划，也并没有要求食品制造商在食物上作严格的标志。1980年，美国农业部和卫生与公共服务部发布了一个小册子，向美国人作如下建议：“减少摄入过多的脂肪、饱和脂肪和胆固醇。”直到今年，相关部门的政府官员与科学家们召开了会议，以商议是否应该把美国国家心肺及血液研究中心的饮食建议进行更大力度的推广。乔治华盛顿大学的LaRosa教授说：“这一次，联邦政府会对胆固醇作一些相关的宣告。”但是一些营养学家们担心食品产业的意见会减弱政府的决心。