我用一生去寻找/8.人人参与的磋商才具有普世价值

人人参与的磋商才具有普世价值
Only collective negotiation has universal value

有一本书转载了《圣经》里的一个故事，说基督升天之后，弟子们坐在一起，商量师傅死后怎么办？他们每一个人说了一句话，很简单，可是被后来的智者认 为是最优美的磋商的例子。第一个人说：师傅死了，我们传教去。第二个人说：我们传教去，我们家人怎么办？第三个人说：我们将我们的家庭搬来住在一起，他们 可以互相照顾。第四个人说：我们走后孩子怎么办？孩子的教育很重要。最后一个人说：可以留下一个担当我们孩子的老师。其他人赞同说：这个办法好，我们既要 去向外人传道，也不要忘记了给自己的孩子传道。他们所说的，看上去都是家常话，当时我怎么看也看不出来这是最优美的磋商。后来仔细看这语言就可以发现，这 里面没有一个人是反对的语言。第一个人说师傅升天了，我们传教去吧。如果第二个人说不去了，我们睡觉去，这就没有办法磋商了。他们每一个人提出问题之后， 派生出一个新的问题，然后再派生一个新的解决办法。没有一个吵架的。这几个弟子说了几句话，所有的问题都解决了，这就是最优美的磋商例子。

A Bible story was cited in a book, saying that after Jesus' ascension, the Disciples sat together to discuss what they should do next. Though what each of them said was simple, their words would become considered among the wise as the perfect example of negotiation. A said, "Let's go out and evangelize," to which B asked," Then what about our families?" C suggested, "We can gather our families together so that they can take care of each other", in response to which D asked, "Then what of our children? Their education too is important." E said, "One of us should stay to teach them." The others agreed, saying, "Good idea, while we need to proselytize, we must not forget to preach to our own kids." What they are talking about was just everyday family chitchat, and I could never understand why this was considered the perfect example of negotiation. As read the passage more closely, I realized that none of them had spoken out against the others. If B had answered, "No, let's sleep instead" after A had said "Let's go out to evangelize", the conversation would not have continued. Each question raised begat a new question, which in turn begat a solution. No quarrel. All questions were solved with just a few words, and that is why this is called the perfect negotiation.

刚才举了《圣经》里的故事，再说一个完美磋商的例子。有一年的足球比赛，有一个进球被评为“最好的进球”。其实不是他们射门漂亮，而是因为这个进球，十 一个足球队员都参与有份。他们整体向前，层层推进，每个人都至少接触了一次足球，然后把足球传递到更合适的位置，一直到最合适的位置，那就是球门里。换言 之，每一个队员都踢了一脚，都用自己的脚参与了“磋商”，显现出整体协调的美感，这是磋商精神在一个足球队身上的最佳体现。

Here is another example of perfect negotiation - "the best goal" in one year's football tournament. It was considered the best, not because it was a splendid shot, but because every single one of the 11 players on the team made a contribution to the goal. They moved forward in tandem, with each player getting the ball at least once and passing it toward a more proper position, before the ball ended in its most proper position - the back of the net. In other words, every player was involved in the "negotiation" using his own feet. This goal revealed the beauty of collaboration, and the spirit of negotiation was reflected utterly by the football team.

几个人坐在 一起商量，前五分钟的气氛是比较好的，越到后面越激烈。你提出的观点有问题，他反对，然后你再反对他，说到最后就伤到自尊了，结果相互之间的交流就变为相 互批评了。磋商的重大原则就是一旦有人把自己的观点拿出来，放到桌子上，这个观点就不再属于他自己了，而是变成磋商所需要的共享资源了。拿出观点的人越 多，共享资源就越多，磋商就更容易接近真理。讨论时，我们对某个共享的观点提出质疑、分析，跟拿出观点的人没有关系，对事不对人，只是针对这个观点，这 样，磋商才能进行。但往往我们不是这样，一般讨论到了最后，就是说一个人怎么样怎么样了，比如说你怎么这么笨呢？这种有违磋商精神的方法，直接导致的就是 人们不敢拿出自己的观点。害怕本人受到批判，其观点便私有化了，要传播也走小道、只针对少数人传播，这种情况下，即使那个观点是正确的，传播方式也是一种 阴谋。

When a few people sit together to discuss something, the atmosphere is typically pleasant during the first five minutes, but as time goes on, it becomes more and more intense. As you bring forward your opinions, another person objects, and then you counter his objection. In the end, you both feel disrespected, and the conversation degrades into mutual criticism. The primary principle of negotiation is that once someone brings forward his opinion and puts it onto the table, that opinion no longer belongs to himself. It becomes a common resource necessary to the negotiation process. The more people are involved, the closer the negotiation can come to the truth. During discussion, we expose our shared opinions to skepticism and analysis, disregarding by whom it was raised, and rather addressing the opinion alone on its own merits. Only in this manner can negotiation take place. However, rarely do we do so. Generally, as the discussion nears its end, we start to criticize and question each other's intelligence, even asking how others could be so stupid. This betrays the spirit of negotiation and directly leads to the result that nobody dares share their opinions any longer lest he himself be criticised. When opinions are made personal, they are only conveyed to a minority of people through small channels. Under these circumstances, even though the opinion might be correct, the mode of transmission becomes shady.

耶稣门徒们的磋商之所以被称为完美，其中有一个关键点，那就是十二门徒中没有谁反对去传道的使命。有了这个大家都赞同的目的，他 们才能进行完美磋商，解决影响传道的各种问题，成为最佳的传道团体，但这是团体内部的事情。当他们这个传道团体遇到其他信仰的团体该怎么办呢？在1000 多年前，他们没法解决这个问题，因此便有女巫迫害，有十字军东征，有宗教裁决。用现在的眼光看，我们明白，在集团利益之上，还有一个众生平等的权力。他们 应该继续磋商。只有更进一步的磋商才会发现众生平等、信仰自由等等适用于更多人类和种族，因而也是更为基本的人类真理。每一个时代的进步都令真理更具有普 世价值，为集体磋商行为提供更先进的“前提”。

In the example of Jesus' disciples, one thing is vital: none of the disciples opposed evangelism. With common purpose, they could engage in the perfect negotiation, solving all kinds of obstacles in becoming the finest missionary team. What would happen if this brigade were to meet others of different beliefs? 1,000 years ago, they would not have been able to resolve this problem, and it would have led to witch hunts, crusaders heading eastwards, and inquisition. From a modern perspective, we understand that equal rights take precedence over group interest. Only should they negotiate further will more fundamental human truths be discoverd, that all people are equal and enjoy the freedom to choose their own beliefs. Every bit of progress that comes with a new era makes truth more universally valuable and offers the group negotiation process a more advanced basis.