为突发状况准备趁手的的应急物品：家里、办公地点、汽车上如何应急
Have on Hand for Any Emergency-Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car
因为你不知道地震发生的时候自己将会在哪儿，所以，在家里、办公地点以及汽车上，都准备一套抗灾装备吧。
Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.
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至少要为每人每天储备1加仑(约4600毫升)的水，并按此标准一次备够72小时之用。一般情况下，正常活动的人每天至少需消耗饮用水1/2加仑。为了备足量，应考虑以下因素：
建议购买一些瓶装水，以原包装形式保存，使用之前不要打开。另外，要注意保质期或者最晚饮用日期。
如果你准备用自己的容器装水，你应该从生活必需品或者户外用品店买那种不漏气的、能用来盛放食物的水容器。在装水之前，要用餐具专用洗涤剂和水清洗容器，并且要用水冲净，以免洗涤剂残留。容器内的水必须每6个月更换一次。除了水之外，还需要一些净水用的药片，比如哈拉宗（Halazone）、高碘甘氨酸（Globaline），但是在使用这些药片之前，一定要先认明瓶子上的标签。
Water.
Store at least 1 gallon of water per
person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour
period. A normally active person needs at
least ½ gallon of water daily just for drinking.
In determining adequate quantities, take the
following into account:
• Individual needs vary depending on age,
physical condition, activity, diet, and climate.
• Children, nursing mothers, and ill people
need more water.
• Very hot temperatures can double the
amount of water needed.
• A medical emergency might require more
water.
It is recommended that you buy commercially
bottled water. Keep bottled water in its
original container and do not open it until
you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the
expiration or “use by” date.
If you choose to prepare your own containers
of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade
water storage containers from surplus or
camping supply stores. Before � lling the
containers, clean them with dish washing
soap and water, and rinse them completely so
that there is no residual soap. Water stored in
your own containers should be replaced about
every 6 months.
In addition to water, have purication tablets
such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure
to read the label on the bottle before using
the tablets.
一个很实用的主意是准备一些不易腐坏的食品随时备用，可将其加入日常的饮食，并定期补充储备。准备足够72小时之用的听装或脱水食品、奶粉，以及听装果汁。干麦片、水果和无盐分干果是很好的营养源。注意以下几点：
Food.
It’s always a practical idea to keep
a supply of non-perishable food on hand that
can be rotated into your diet and replenished
on a regular basis. Have a sufcient supply
of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk,
and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried
cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are
good sources of nutrition. Keep the following
points in mind:
• Avoid foods that will make you thirsty.
Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain
cereals, and canned goods with high liquid
content.
• Stock foods that do not require refrigeration,
cooking, water, or special preparation. You
may already have many of these on hand.
• Remember to include foods for infants and
special dietary needs.
You should also have kitchen accessories and
cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener.
Flashlights and spare batteries.
在你的床边、工作地点以及车里放一盏应急灯。除非你能确定没有瓦斯泄漏，不要在地震后使用火柴或蜡烛。
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of
work, and in your car. Do not use matches
or candles after an earthquake until you are
certain that no gas leaks exist.
Portable, battery-powered radio or
television and spare batteries.
大多数电话将会无法使用或只能供紧急用途，所以收音机将会是你最好的信息来源。你也许还会想要准备电池供电的收发报机和无线对讲机。
Most telephones will be out of order or used for
emergency purposes, so radios will be your
best source of information. You may also
want to have a battery-powered CB or other
two-way radio.
First aid kit and manual.
Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a
manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal
Safety by the American Red Cross. Have
members of your household take basic � rst
aid and CPR courses.
Fire extinguishers.
Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some
extinguishers are good only for certain
types of � res — electrical, grease, or gas.
Class ABC extinguishers are designed
for safe use on any type of � re. Your � re
department can show you how to use an
extinguisher properly.
Special needs.
Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra
eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid
batteries, items for infants (formula, diapers,
bottles, and paci� ers), sanitation and hygiene
items (moist towelettes and toilet paper), and
any items unique to your family’s needs.
Important papers and cash.
Be sure to have a supply of cash for use if ATMs, banks,
and credit card systems are not operating.
Also, keep copies of credit and identi� cation
cards and important documents, such as
insurance policies and � nancial records.
Tools.
In addition to a pipe wrench and
crescent wrench (for turning off gas and water
valves), you should have a lighter, a supply
of matches in a waterproof container, and a
whistle for signaling rescue workers.
(图见PDF文件）
Clothes.
If you live in a cold climate, you
must think about warmth. You might not have
heat after an earthquake. Think about your
clothing and bedding supplies. Be sure to have
one complete change of clothing and shoes
per person, including the following:
• jacket or coat
• long pants
• long sleeve shirt
• sturdy shoes
• hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf
• sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person)
Pet needs.
Identify a shelter area for your
pet, gather the necessary supplies, ensure
that your pet has proper ID and up-to-date
veterinarian records, and make sure you have
a pet carrier and a leash.
急救箱和急救手册
在家里和车里准备一个急救箱。同时，备一个美国红十字会制作的标准急救和个人安全手册。让你的家人学习一些基本的急救和人工呼吸课程。
灭火器
在你的家里和车里都要配备灭火器。一些灭火器仅适用于特定的火源---因电引起的，油脂类引起的，或者煤气引起的。ABC级（多用途干粉）灭火器可安全使用于任何种类的火源。当地消防部门可以教你如何正确地使用灭火器。
专用品
准备一些专用品，比如药品，备用的眼镜，隐形眼镜保护液，助听器电池，婴儿物品（婴儿食品，尿布，奶瓶和奶嘴）卫生用品（小湿巾和手纸）等家人用得上的任何物品。
重要的文件和现金
当自动取款机，银行和信用卡系统瘫痪时确保有足够的现金可用。同时，保留一些信用证及身份证和一些重要文件的复印件，比如保险单和财务记录。
工具
除了准备一个管钳和一个可调扳手（用来关闭气阀和水管），你需要有一个打火机，一盒装在防水盒子里的火柴和一个口哨用来呼叫援救人员。
衣服
如果你处于寒冷的天气里，必须考虑到保暖。地震过后你可能无法取暖。考虑一下你的衣服和睡觉用品。确保个人有一整套换洗的衣服和鞋子，包括以下： 茄克衫或外衣 长裤 长袖衫 结实的鞋 帽子，手套和围巾 睡袋或暖毯（每人一件）
宠物用品
为你的宠物寻找一个安全处，准备一些必备品，确保你的宠物有准确的身份证明以及最新的兽医登记，同时准备好一个宠物笼和一条皮带。
